So this one is late, pretty much it slipped my addled mind. My apologies but here it is.
I have to admit that this time I will not have any specific quotes or points to pull from Roberson’s little book: ‘City Eclogue’, rather I wish to discuss the overall theme of the work.
This is a hard work for me to critique as my own personal life experience has been nothing like his. I am white and I grew up in a rural area far from any large city. I was 25 before I moved to a major city when I moved to Atlanta, truth be told I could take it or leave it (city life that is) it’s not horrible but it’s also not the most comfortable. I suppose if I was in London or Stockholm or Hong Kong possible even Tokyo I could handle it better, more to do, richer culture, more things I am interested in to pursue. Atlanta was kind of boring really, except for it was there that my ill fated professional wrestling career pretty much died. Live and learn I guess.
If you don’t know, ‘City Eclogue’ is a book of poetry depicting life from an African American perspective in a big city I am assuming is New York. Again, as far as specifics I can’t really relate to anything within the work, but I can comment on the themes.
Racism exists everywhere in the world, I know a few Europeans and some of them still despise other Europeans, a couple aren’t afraid to hide it either. Though that’s not really racism. I know lots of Asians, they don’t always get along either, again though that’s more akin to Nationalism than racism though I’m sure racism exists in those places too. America, where I’m from, however is different.
The origins of racism in this country predate the colonies, they curve back to the time of the Protestant Reformation and the idea of a sort of spiritual superiority as espoused by many German preachers of Lutheranism. This, eventually informed the entirety of Protestantism (which fractured so badly so rapidly following the Reformation one wonders if the Catholics weren’t right all along…no, but…) and even seeped into Catholicism to the point that by the mid 17th century almost all of European Christianity, Colonials included, was imbued with a form of theologically supported racism. Slavery, though always existing throughout history (still today too, though it takes different names) only became really racially motivated what with the factors of the expansion of the Ottoman and other Muslim powers into Africa, the setting up of Muslim controlled trade routes to the west of Africa in order to reach the European controlled ‘New World’, inter-tribal/Kingdom warfare in Africa as well as a rich market in the ‘New World’ for relatively cheap slave labor. The Ottoman’s opened the market, the Africans provided the goods, the Colonists and Europeans purchased. It became to be racially motivated when all kinds of Christian churches (I am reminded of the Anglican hierarchy of man idea in this) supported slavery as a means of ‘civilizing’ the slaves. This bred the idea of superiority amongst whites and that idea has never fully left America.
The Civil War in the United States didn’t help matters any at all. The South seceded to keep their slave economy intact (despite the fact that Lincoln all but promised them, wait he did, that he wouldn’t touch slavery as an economic institution in the Deep South whatsoever, the Republicans merely wanted to stop the EXPANSION of slavery in any new states, not abolish it entirely.) but the North did not by any means wage a moral crusade to free the salves. Ken Burns and James McPherson got it totally wrong. The Union waged war to preserve just that: the Union. The base of the Republican Party, despite what the South thought, was not abolitionist but rather ‘Free Soilers’.
The Free Soil movement grew out of a severe economic recession that his New England and the upper Mid-West starting in the late 1840’s, it would eventually grow into a full on depression (just was never named as one) by the time of the outbreak of war in 1861. Poor whites in the northern states wanted to migrate westwards into the new territories won from Mexico in the Mexican-American War. The tenants of Free Soil thought was not to keep the new states ‘Free’ as a humanitarian gesture though it would stop slavery’s expansion. Rather they wanted to keep the new states ‘Free’ for poor whites and poor whites only. The North (Lincoln included in this) also was undergoing a political ideology designed to re-colonize former slaves back to Africa. To state it bluntly the average man in the North on the street would have thought: ‘I don’t mind freeing the slaves, as long as I don’t have to get shot at for them, they don’t take my jobs, and they don’t live around here, ever.’
After the war, the North’s culture changed. More men from the North died in the war than from the South by a factor of almost 50% greater. The culture of Christianity, heretofore prevalent in the North, died out due to the mass casualties caused by Confederate forces and disease as well as the economic exploitation of many veterans immediately upon their return by large New England corporations. Also, to mimic South Park for a moment, the refrain: ‘They took out jobs!’, has always been prevalent in America since before the Civil War. Freed slaves who migrated North could work for much less than a returning Union soldier, and most Union soldiers saw that the jobs their families livelihoods depended upon were now being taken by former slaves who offered to work for a fraction of the cost. This only heightened the already strong antipathy many Union soldiers had for African-Americans they had picked up during the war if they didn’t have it before hand. This explains why from the late 1800’s onwards the KKK moved from the South to the Mid-West, it was more fertile recruiting ground. The fact that many African American communities were pushed to ghettos inside big cities can, in part, also be blamed upon former Union soldiers many of whom became police officers following the war and who did their best to drive them into secluded areas away from where the good jobs were in order to support their own struggling former army buddies.
Fast forward to today and the time in which Roberson wrote his poems I think one can see that little has changed. True we may have a President who is African American but the overall culture of the country hasn’t changed. And there was one section in Roberson’s book where he had a slew of poems dedicated to the country and things of a nature sort. He does mention in one poem about the police in white, suburban areas definitely treating African Americans much differently than other minorities or whites. Sadly, I’ve witnessed this and many people who live in the country do so to escape the cities and they do tend to band together against any African American’s who move to the rural areas. (They don’t for Asians or Latino’s or anyone else though…strange) But it’s not all like that, where I grew up granted almost an third of the town was Latino as were many of my friends and we had a few Asian families move in, but only two or three African American families. I saw some nonsense, but mostly they were treated like everyone else.
So to be fair, I can’t relate to Roberson’s work, I am a country boy and white. But I did comment on where I think racism sort of came from. It’s not something that’s going to go away either, it’s just going to be there until, over long periods of time, many, many generations, it might get bred out of people.
Maybe, hopefully.